Hydromagnetic nanofluid flow with Lorentz force, viscous dissipation, Dufour effect, first-order chemical reaction and unsteadiness

Abstract

The objective of the study was to investigate hydromagnetic nanofluid flow with Lorentz force, viscous dissipation, Dufour effects, first order chemical reaction and unsteadiness and considering the flow between parallel plates by formulating necessary mathematical model. The study considers the dynamic viscosity and thermal conduc tivity of the fluid as temperature-dependent variables. The fluid is assumed to be in compressible in terms of density, and the influence of gravitational effects is deemed negligible. The governing equations for the non-Newtonian nanofluid flow, including the continuity, Navier-Stokes, energy, magnetic induction, and concentration equations, have been formulated and transformed into their non-dimensional form. The finite difference numerical approximation method has been used to approximate the systems of the governing equations in different forms. The profiles of the flow variables have been presented and analyzed. The results indicate that an increase in the thermophoresis parameter enhances the species concentration, whereas higher Schmidt numbers and chemical reaction parameters lead to a reduction in  concentration profiles. Additionally, magnetic induc tion profiles increase with a higher Reynolds number but decrease with an increasing magnetic Prandtl number. Temperature and velocity profiles increase with an increase in Reynolds number. The study is essential in the improvements of both heat and mass transfers.